Let's walk along the alley, which descends from Victory Avenue to Voroshilov Street in the city of Novokuybyshevsk.
Let's discuss the transmutation of elements and... sing.
What do you see?
What associations spring up?
Physics teacher how will he react?
As water flows from one bowl to another, so unstable isotopes turn into one another.
Every day each of us gets about 3 micrograms of thorium-232 with food and water.
If nucleus of thorium-232 decays, it loses alpha-particle. α-particle consists of two protons and two neutrons.
So nucleus of thorium-232 becomes the nucleus of radium-228.
If the radium-228 nucleus experiences radioactive transformation, the excess neutron in it turns into a proton.
n → p + e– + ṽe
With this change, an electron (β– or e–) flies together with antineutrino out of the nucleus.
And the nucleus of actinium-228 is born.
And don't worry: every day about 3 micrograms of thorium-232 come out in urine and feces.
natural radioactivity
Around 4.5 billions years ago the Earth was forming from the crap of exploded star
(Or collision of neutron stars - scientists arn't sure. By the way, remember:
"life requires chemistry, chemistry requires stars*")
Try to point isotopes, that are "alive" even now. And then point their daughter isotopes...down to stable isotopes. Voice nuclear transformations without repeating any verb twice
What poetic equivalent of the preposition "under" appears in the song?
Lexis to remember:
to be meant to do something
lifetime's argument
to clinch
lest somebody does something
radiation from human-made sources
People have learned to obtain different radioactive isotopes and use them in industry, medicine, scientific research.
The inscriptions of this memorial do not mention tragic events of a local scale. For example:
in Kramatorsk,
a capsule with a cesium-137 source from monitoring device was carelessly lost and walled in a building.
It took 9 years (1980-1989)and several lives to notice a multiple excess of the radiation background
even in the courtyard of the house.
Electrons emitted by the nuclei of cesium-137 were absorbed in the wall of apartment No. 85.
But, unfortunately, gamma radiation, strongly penetrating,
constantly increased the dose of residents of the apartment...
This tragic incident led to the emergence of a rule
for checking the background radiation in built houses.
Do not think that such negligence with sources happens only with us.
In Taiwan,
a whole microdistrict was built (1982-1984) with cobalt-60 in metal structures. There are also inscriptions on the back of monument. Assume which
Voice the lines of the table using the words "consists of," "penetrates to the depth..."
To the Moon!
Which of the authors from this bench sent his heroes to the Moon?
On Earth, cosmic rays (CL) meet an atmosphere thick
about 1000 g/cm2
.
Runs of high-energy protons in air 70-80 g/cm2
, and helium nuclei - 20-30 g/cm2
. The probability of reaching sea level for protons is extremely small.
On the moon, cosmic rays fall directly on the material of the surface of the moon - regolith.
The flux of charged energetic particles to the surface of the Moon, except for the ionization of atoms,
causes a variety of nuclear reactions, including the birth of pions, kaons,
muons, electron-positron pairs and with the formation of radioactive isotopes.
It turns out that the moon
is a huge detector that "records" tracks and cosmic ray intensities
in millions and billions of years. So, data on measurements of 26Al and 53Mn showed that of
last ~ 107
years there were only a few solar flares with magnitude higher than
recorded in the last few solar cycles.
The alley looks different this year. Thanks to the active members of the city public organization
"Union of Chernobyl Veterans" and
Governor's project "COaction" new monument to victims of radiation
catastrophe took the place of the dismantled predecessor. And totally new object appeared!
Three students standing beside exclaim:
- Oh, this is Krapivin's great crystal!
- Look at portkey from Harry Potter!
- Alas, here are Hugh Everett's doors to other Universes! What is your opinion?
Which song used the phrase "angry star"?
Lesson "Nuclear alley" was developed by Zvereva I.M. (SINP MSU) and Ryabov V.S. (MIR, Samara).
We are waiting for comments and suggestions pirks_1@mail.ru
